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Introduction to Information Technology:#computer

The modern world is built on the bedrock of Information Technology (IT). Whether you’re interacting with a digital device or engaging with the web, the influence of IT is ubiquitous. Grasping the “Basics of Information Technology” is not just a skill—it’s an essential part of contemporary literacy. This blog post will embark you on a 10-step journey to unravel the layers of IT, equipping you with the knowledge you need to navigate and understand this dynamic field.

Introduction to Information Technology:n What is IT?

Before we delve into the intricate learning path, let’s define our primary subject. Information technology encompasses the use of systems (computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending information. This broad definition opens the door to a world where information technology shapes everything from how we communicate to how we work and play. But what do information technology professionals actually do? They are the custodians of data, ensuring that this valuable commodity is handled with care, protected, and utilized efficiently. Their work spans various domains from creating complex networks that enable global communication to developing software that drives business solutions.

As we embark on this introduction to information technology, remember that IT is like an ecosystem, comprising various components that work synergistically. An intro to info technology is incomplete without acknowledging the impact IT has on business operations, educational frameworks, and even in our homes, with smart devices becoming increasingly commonplace.

Your career in information technology last for years.  Technology changes rapidly.  An ITU Online IT Training subscription offers you flexible and affordable IT training.  With our IT training at your fingertips, your career opportunities are never ending as you grow your skills.

Step 1: Understanding the Fundamentals

Begin your journey with a solid foundation in the fundamentals. “What does information technology do,” you may ask? At its core, IT processes data to produce meaningful information. This step involves getting familiar with the basic components like hardware, software, and networking. It’s crucial to understand how these elements interact to form the backbone of IT.

Hardware represents the tangible assets of technology. These are the physical devices such as computers, servers, switches, and routers that you can touch and feel. Then comes software, the intangible set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Whether it’s an operating system or an application, software is what breathes life into the hardware.

But hardware and software alone do not make up the entirety of IT. , one must understand networking. Networking is what connects the dots, allowing for communication between devices. It’s the internet, the local area networks, and the protocols that dictate the seamless exchange of information. As you dive into the technology basics, you’ll see how data flows from one point to another, creating a web of interconnectedness that defines our digital age.

Step 2: Discovering the Roles in IT

When one inquires, “What does information technology do?” it’s important to look at the various stewards of this field. IT is an umbrella for a myriad of roles that are integral to the operation and advancement of digital systems. For instance, network administrators are tasked with the vital role of managing and maintaining the vast networks that keep organizations connected and secure. Software developers, on the other hand, are the creative force behind applications that drive functionality and innovation across devices.

To learn about IT and its diverse career paths means recognizing the specialized skills and daily activities of these professionals. Database managers, cybersecurity experts, and IT support technicians all play a pivotal role. They ensure that data is safe, systems are efficient, and help is at hand when technological issues arise. As you explore the basics of information technology, consider the multifaceted roles that might align with your interests and skills, such as cloud computing specialists who facilitate the storage and management of data on remote servers, or systems analysts who devise technological solutions to business problems.

Understanding what information technology professionals do includes recognizing the importance of continuous learning and adaptation. The field is dynamic, with the introduction of new technologies necessitating a perpetual development of skills and knowledge

Step 3: The Building Blocks: Hardware and Software

To truly grasp the basics of IT, one must understand the core components: hardware and software. Hardware serves as the bedrock, consisting of physical devices such as computers, servers, and routers — the tangible pieces of technology that form the infrastructure of our digital world. Software, however, is akin to the soul of the system, consisting of the applications and operating systems that instruct the hardware in performing tasks ranging from the mundane to the complex.

In the context of “information technology basics,” it’s essential to appreciate how these two aspects are symbiotic. The most advanced application is rendered useless without a device to run it, just as the most powerful computer requires software to perform any function. For those diving into “information technology for beginners,” understanding the interplay between these components is key to appreciating how tasks are executed and goals are achieved within the IT ecosystem.

Step 4: Networking and the Internet

As we delve deeper into the realm of “info technology,” it becomes clear that networking — especially the internet — is the lifeblood of the digital age. In this crucial step, we explore the basics of networking, which includes understanding how data is transmitted from one device to another. The role of protocols, such as TCP/IP, which govern the rules of data transfer, is fundamental to this process. Networking is not just about connectivity but also about the seamless integration of diverse technologies to ensure coherent and secure communication.

Furthermore, the importance of cybersecurity within networking cannot be overstated. As we  recognizing the threats and understanding the measures to protect data is critical. Cybersecurity efforts involve the implementation of various strategies, from firewalls to encryption, aimed at safeguarding information as it travels across networks. For those new to “information technology basic knowledge,” understanding these concepts is paramount to grasp how the digital ecosystem operates and defends itself against potential breaches.

Step 5: Data Management and Storage

“Information technology what do they do with all the data?” is a common question that points towards the crucial role of data management and storage in IT. The foundation of IT requires an understanding of how data — the new gold — is stored, sorted, and retrieved. We look into databases, the structured systems where data is meticulously organized, allowing for quick access and analysis. “Information technology for beginners” also involves exploring cloud storage solutions, which have revolutionized the way we save and access data, enabling scalability and remote access.

Understanding these storage options is a part of “the basic of information technology” and essential in a world where data accessibility can dictate the success of a business. This section will impart knowledge about the different methods of storage, such as on-premises, cloud-based, and hybrid models, and how these can affect the management of information.

Step 6: Introduction to Coding and Development

Coding is often considered the beating heart of IT; it’s the process that brings ideas to life in the form of software and applications. An “introduction to information technology” is incomplete without a primer on programming. Here, we’ll touch on the importance of algorithms — step-by-step instructions that lay out the task for a computer to perform. From there, we explore some of the basic programming languages, like Python and HTML, which are the building blocks for more advanced and intricate software development.

This step is not about becoming an expert coder overnight. Rather, it’s about understanding the logic behind “information technology basics” in coding — how software is built from a concept to a working program. Even for those who aspire to roles outside of development, grasping these basics is crucial, as it offers insight into the creative process behind the technologies we use every day.

Step 7: IT Support and Troubleshooting

In any IT Path is, encountering technical snags is inevitable. “What to do in information technology when faced with such challenges?” becomes a vital question. This is where IT support and troubleshooting expertise is essential. In this step, we navigate through the systematic approach of identifying, diagnosing, and resolving technical issues. The knowledge of troubleshooting is a fundamental aspect of “information technology basic knowledge,” enabling professionals to address problems ranging from simple software glitches to complex network disruptions

For those delving into “information technolgy,” understanding the common tools and strategies for troubleshooting is key. This includes everything from the basics of rebooting systems to the more intricate processes of debugging code or managing server outages. This step isn’t just about fixing immediate problems; it’s also about developing a mindset geared toward proactive problem-solving and continuous system improvement.

Step 8: Introduction to Emerging Technologies

When embarking on an “introduction to information technology,” it’s important not only to grasp the current landscape but also to look towards the horizon. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI),Block chain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are reshaping the future of IT. These advancements promise to revolutionize industries, from automated customer service through AI to secure transactions via blockchain, and interconnected devices with IoT.

For beginners in “information technology,” understanding these concepts is like getting a glimpse into the future of the digital world. It’s crucial for aspiring IT professionals to familiarize themselves with these areas as they will likely shape the career opportunities and technological developments in the years to come.

Step 9: IT Security and Ethics

Grasping the foundations of IT security is crucial as you explore the “Basics of Information Technology.” This involves understanding how to safeguard systems, networks, and data from various threats and ensuring integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Learning about IT security is more than just protecting information; it’s about fostering trust in technology. The field of “information technology for beginners” must include an understanding of how to implement security measures such as firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems.

Moreover, ethics play a significant role in shaping the conduct of IT professionals. This includes making informed decisions regarding privacy, data management, and the broader impact of technology on society. It’s important to consider “what do information technology do” in the context of ethical practice—ensuring that actions and innovations align with societal values and norms.

Step 10: Putting Knowledge into Practice

Theory in “information technology basics” serves as the blueprint; however, the real understanding solidifies when this theory is applied. Putting knowledge into practice is a dynamic way to experience the multifaceted nature of IT. Whether it’s setting up networks that enable devices to Learn about IT infrastructure or developing software that solves real-world problems, hands-on practice is where the theoretical meets the practical.

For those asking “what to do in information technology,” this step is your playground. Through projects like creating a database or participating in coding bootcamps, you can apply the “basics of IT” in tangible ways. This experiential learning is the cornerstone of solidifying your skills and preparing you for further advancements in the field.

Conclusion: Embracing the Path Ahead (Basics of Information Technology)

Understanding the “Basics of Information Technology” is not the end, but rather the beginning of a lifelong journey of discovery and innovation in the IT landscape. As you progress from “intro to info technology” to mastering more complex concepts, remember that the field is always advancing. To keep pace, continuous learning and adaptation are paramount.

In concluding this comprehensive exploration of “information technology 101,” we affirm the importance of building upon the “information technology basic knowledge” you’ve acquired. Stay curious, stay engaged, and be ready to delve deeper into the ever-expanding universe of IT. With each step forward, you’re not just following a path but also paving new ones in this exciting and essential domain.

 

LINK'S PAGE WITH ALL VIDEO'S RECENTLY UPLOADED

                          video links

S P T Test PROCEDURE BY MECHANICAL METHOD  SHORTS       https://youtu.be/eVFFP7Q6uvw

COMPATION OF SOIL #Civil engineering practice, the soils at a given site      https://youtu.be/zWwuiJROV4M

क्लोरीनीकरण के प्रकार#civilengineering@enviromentalengineering    https://youtu.be/dL8Fv9hL2g0

Chlorination & types of chlorination#civilengineering@enviromentalengineering   https://youtu.be/8RG8snMWRVQ

क्लोरीनीकरण के प्रकार #civilengineering@enviromentalengineering SHORTS  https://youtu.be/XzCPwQZLVZM

CHLORINATION_ TYPES OF  CHLORINATIONS #CIVILENGINEERING@ENVIROMENTAL ENGG

https://youtu.be/YDmycjKRvLA

Sand cement ratio Purpose of this study is to investigate the best of mortar #civilengineering@CT

https://youtu.be/oxPbm7LZrzI

TESTING OF PIPES EXPLAINED IN BRIEF           https://youtu.be/s7s2ogCoCBQ

Types of Water Demand in cities commercial areas #civilengineering@WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING          https://youtu.be/CCbFYu5NmrE

Dissolved Oxygen & Biochemical Oxygen Demand WHY WE NEED TO KNOW  https://youtu.be/Iql3Q99K5zs

Drainage & water proofing Drainage and waterproofing are essential aspects # cinilEngineerin@tunnels

https://youtu.be/G_MkGiLPaRs

Types of Railway Tracks Joints    रेल जोड़ों के प्रकार #CivilEngineering @Railways   https://youtu.be/ZMHl96bBubA

Types Of Railways रेलवे के प्रकार #Civil Engineering@Railways   https://youtu.be/LpSPZQRPS6k

CASSION FOUNDATION पानी के अंदर निर्माण-कैशन फाउंडेशन @ सिविल इंजीनियरिंग # भवन निर्माण  https://youtu.be/Lr5cG2BvZdI

CASSION FOUNDATION Underwater Bridge Construction!Spot the Fatal Mistake # construction 

https://youtu.be/69eixhtmsao

Four Stroke Engine: Definition, Working, Cycle, vehicles running by four-stroke IC engines.

https://youtu.be/d8hqr_n9ByY  

Four Stroke Engine: Definition, Working, Cycle, Applications most road runners # Auto Engineering

https://youtu.be/caIiRXw_hoM

 Shallow & deep foundations Hindi # CIVIL ENGINEERING @ BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 

https://youtu.be/6RkaiXmWjXU

Shallow & deep foundations # civil engineering #building construction  

https://youtu.be/ROUfkRM8iVI

16 Types of Windows used in Buildings इमारतों में इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली 16 तरह की खिड़कियाँ #360 

https://youtu.be/IFBDCbeNj40

Initial and final setting time of cement test procedure in Hindi   https://youtu.be/m65x7K3HePU

Fineness of cement by sieve no 09 or 90 micron sieve #CIVIL ENGINEERING@concretetechnology                                                                                                   

https://youtu.be/q8Z05Z2DPGs

HOW TO USE THE BLOG & HOW TO DOWNLOAD PPT & DATA    https://youtu.be/5TYIJaF9GmE

Testing Cement before Construction#360___# CIVIL ENGINEERING❤❤💚❣👍👍👍      https://youtu.be/Ix9VaJKUHcc

Canal Alignment; Factors to be considered in Canal Alignment #CIVIL ENGINEERING    

https://youtu.be/Fwi4srQ-PP0

Canal Irrigation function's purpose of various components      https://youtu.be/ftrBfpU3Lps

निर्माण के बाद दीमक रोधी उपचार?anti-termite treatment #civilengineering @building construction    

https://youtu.be/SyjGLqpIwm0 

Anti-Termite Treatment after construction? #civilengineering@buildingconstructions   https://youtu.be/D7vyJoJyA6g

NOTE         CLICK ON THE LINK'S & FOLLOW UP

Soil Compaction: Methods, Meaning, and Effects मृदा संघनन: विधियाँ, अर्थ और प्रभाव

Soil Compaction: Methods, Meaning, and Effects //मृदा संघनन: विधियाँ, अर्थ और प्रभाव 

   viseo https://youtu.be/zWwuiJROV4M

 blog hindi- https://engineersindiasolutions.blogspot.com/2024/12/soil-compaction-methods-meaning-and.html

website download  👉👉👉   https://engineersindiasolution.com/?p=1955

CHLORINATION_ TYPES OF CHLORINATIONS English & hindi क्लोरीनीकरण के प्रकार

 FULL DOWNLOAD 👉👉👉  https://engineersindiasolution.com/?p=1945

    👉👉👉  ENGLISH https://engineersindiasolution.com/?p=1940 

COMMENT SHARE VIDEO LINK IN HINDI 👉👉 https://youtu.be/dL8Fv9hL2g0

ENGLISH 👉👉👉👉    https://youtu.be/YDmycjKRvLA

Types of Water Demand in cities commercial areas #civilengineering @WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

 

Types of Water Demand

As discussed earlier, the water consumption of the city is broken down into several categories, which is termed as types of water demand.

Primarily, six types of water demand are identified:

1. Domestic water demand
2. Industrial water demand
3. Institutional and commercial water demand
4. Demand for public uses
5. Fire demand
6. Water demand to compensate losses in waste and theft

1. Domestic Water Demand                             

The water required for domestic purposes in residential areas comes under domestic water demand. 50-60% of the water consumption (i.e. more than half!) is used under domestic water demand.

Domestic water demand includes water for:

• Drinking
• Cooking
• Bathing
• Lawn sprinkling
• Gardening
• Sanitary purposes

As per IS 1172-1993: Water required in above activities is estimated to be 200 lpcd minimum in a town having full flushing system. This water demand is lowered to 135 lpcd in economically weaker sections (EWS) and low income group (LIG).

The breakdown of annual average water demand is tabulated below for Indian towns and cities having flushing systems (200lpcd) and for low income sections (135 lpcd). The below tables are taken from IS 1172 – 1993.

Domestic Water Demand as per IS 1172 – 1993 in Towns/Cities (India)

Use	Water Consumption (Full Flushing System) in litre/capita/day	Water Consumption (EWS & LIG) in litre/capita/day
Drinking	5	5
Cooking	5	5
Bathing	75	55
Washing Clothes	25	20
Washing Utensils	15	10
Washing House Floors	15	10
Watering Lawns & Gardens	15	–
Flushing Water Closets	45	30
TOTAL	200 lpcd	135 lpcd

In Indian conditions, the IS code limits the daily water consumption to 225 lpcd. However, in developed and effluent countries like the USA, the water demand may be as high as 340 lpcd.

Domestic water demand increases with improvement in living conditions as rich lifestyle increases water consumption in:

• Air cooling
• Bathing under showers/bath-tubs
• Dish washing of utensils
• Car washing
• Home laundries
• Garbage grinders
• Gardening
• Water sprinkling in lawns

Total Domestic Water Demand

Total domestic water demand comes from 2 parameters:

1. Design population
2. Per capita domestic consumption of water

Total domestic water demand = total design population * daily domestic water consumption per head

2. Industrial Water Demand

Industrial water demand includes not only includes water demand of existing industries but also of the industries to be started in future.

Industrial water demand is normally taken 50 lpcd. But this industrial water demand may also be as high as 450 lpcd.

Industrial water demand depends on type and number of industries present in the city.

Industrial water demand may be estimated by considering:

• Nature of industry
• Size of industry
• Quantity of water required for unit production
• Future expansion potential of industry

There are some industries which develop their own water supplies. These industries play a very little to no role in public water demand.

Industrial Water Demand of Certain Industries

Sr No	Industry	Unit of Production Or Unit of Raw Material	Approx Water Requirement per Unit of Production/Raw Materials
1	Automobiles	Vehicle	40 kilolitre
2	Distillery (Alcohol)	kilolitre	122-170 kilolitre
3	Fertilizer	Tonne	80-200 kilolitre
4	Leather (tanned)	Tonne	40 kilolitre
5	Paper	Tonne	200-400 kilolitre
6	Special quality paper	Tonne	400-1000 kilolitre
7	Straw board	Tonne	75-100 kilolitre
8	Petroleum refinery	Tonne (Crude)	1-2 kilolitre
9	Steel	Tonne	200-250 kilolitre
10	Sugar	Tonne (Crushed cane)	1-2 kilolitre
11	Textile	Tonne (Goods)	80-140 kilolitre
Industrial water demand is being reduced with continuous modernization and water reuse

3. Institutional and Commercial Water Demand

Water requirement for trade and business purposes as well as institutions is included in this category like:

• Hospitals
• Schools and colleges
• Hotels and restaurants
• Railway stations
• Offices
• Factories

Institutional and commercial water demand depends upon:

• Nature of city
• Type of commercial establishments
• Number of commercial establishments
• Number of institutions present

In general, commercial and institutional water demand is taken as 20 lpcd. This number may rise to 50 lpcd in highly commercialized cities.

Commercial and Institutional Water Demand of some of institutions and commercial establishments are tabulated below:

SR NO	Type of Institution/Commercial Establishment	Average Water Demand
1	Offices	45-90 lpcd
2	Factories (bathrooms provided)	45-90 lpcd
3	Factories (bathrooms not provided)	30-60 lpcd
4	Schools Day scholars Residential	45-90 lpcd 135-225 lpcd
5	Hostels	135-180 lpcd
6	Hotels	180 litre/bed
7	Restaurants	70 litre/seat
8	Hospitals (including laundry) No. of bed ≤ 100No. of bed > 100	340 litre/bed 450 litre/bed
9	Nursing homes and medical quarters	135-225 lpcd
10	Cinemas, concert halls, theatres	15 litre/seat
11	Railway stations Junctions (mail & express train stop)Intermediate stations   Terminal railway stations	70 lpcd (with bath) 45 lpcd (without bath) 45 lpcd (with bath) 23 (without bath) 45 lpcd
12	Airports (international and domestic)	70 lpcd

4. Water Demand for Public or Civic Uses

Water required for public utility purposes are included in this category:

• Watering of public parks
• Gardening
• Road washing
• Use in public fountains
• Sanitation
• Public sanitary blocks cleaning
• Flushing sewer systems

Water provision for the above activities is tabulated below:

SR NO	Type of Public Usage	Civic Water Demand (Water Demand for Public Use)
1	Road washing	5 lpcd
2	Sanitation	3-5 lpcd
3	Parks & Gardens	2-3 l/m2/d

In India, for most of the public water supply schemes, water demand for public use is not considered a necessity. Most of the times a nominal amount of < 5% of total water demand is added arbitrarily for public use.

5. Fire Demand of Water

There is possibility of fire break out in thickly populated and industrial areas. If not controlled timely, serious loss is incurred.

To fight fire, fire fighting squads are maintained in developed cities. These fire fighting squads require huge amount of water to project the water at high speed over fire.

In modern public water supply schemes, provision for fire fighting is included. Also, fire hydrants are spaced 100-150 m in water mains to which fire fighting pumps can be connected immediately during fire. The pumps project water at high pressure exceeding 10-15 m of water head (100-150 kN/m²) for 4-5 hours.

The total water demand for fire fighting is small. But rate of water consumption when fire breaks out is very high. The minimum fire demand of water is taken as the amount and rate of water supply enough to extinguish the largest probable fire in the city.

Empirical Formula to Calculate Fire Demand of Water

1. Kuchling’s formula
2. Buston’s formula
3. Freeman’s formula
4. National board of fire underwriters formula

1. Kuchling’s Formula

2. Buston’s Formula

3. Freeman’s Formula

4. National Board of Fire Under Writers Formula

This calculation of fire demand is as per the recommendations of Board (now- American Insurance Association).

4 (a) For central congested high-valued city –

Population ≤ 2,00,000

Population > 2,00,000

Fire demand =

54600 litre/min + 9100-36400 litre/min (for second fire)

4 (b) For residential city –

1	Small/Low buildings	2200 lit/min
2	Larger/Higher buildings	4500 lit/min
3	High value residences, apartments, tenements	7650-13,500 lit/min
4	3-storeyed buildings	Up to 27,000 lit/min

While applying the above formulae excluding Kuchling’s formula, the total standby water allowance is

2-hours storage – Indian conditions (fairly good)

 5-10 hours storage – USA (minimum)

Limitation of Water Demand Formulae Discussed Above:

These formulae do not take into consideration the type of district served in fire fighting. The occurrence of fire is high in industrial areas as compared to residential areas.

The above limitation is eliminated in the following formula used in fire fighting in Jabalpur city, India:

For cities having population < 50 lakhs: Fire demand is ignored.

In moderate fire- 3 water jets are thrown at a time:

1. On burning property
2. Both  adjacent properties

Discharge in each water stream = 1100 lit/min

Assume 6 fires break outs in a day in big city; each for 3 hours.

Then water requirement will be as follows:

Fire demand = 6 × no. of fires × discharge × time of each fire

6 × (3 × 1100) × (3 × 60)

= 35,64,000 lit/day

Water requirement per person = 3564000/5000000 < 1 lpcd

6. Water Required to Compensate Losses in Thefts and Wastes

The following types of water losses are included in this category:

• Water leakage
• Leakage & overflow from service reservoirs
• Leakage from main & service pipe connections
• Leakage in consumer premises
• Large leakage from public taps
• Stolen water (unauthorized connections)

Careful maintenance and universal metering can reduce these losses. However, these losses are to be considered in water supply schemes.

These losses may be as high as 15% of total water requirement even when the water works are best managed. For unmetered water supply, the losses may even exceed up to 50%.

Summary

Water Demand: The total water required by the residents of city for different purposes is included in water demand.

Types of Water Demand:

1. Domestic Water Demand: The water required for domestic purposes like drinking, bathing, washing clothes and utensils, gardening, etc. is included in domestic water demand.
2. Industrial Water Demand: Depending upon the nature, type, size, and quantity of water required by unit production in industry, industrial water demand is estimated.
3. Institutional and Commercial Water Demand: Water required by various institutional and commercial establishments like hospitals, business hubs, offices, schools, hotels, restaurants, etc is included in this category.
4. Water Demand for Public or Civic Uses: Water required for public utility purposes like road washing, watering public parks, cleaning of public toilet blocks, etc. is included in this category.
5. Fire Demand of Water: To estimate the water required for fire fighting purposes, various empirical formulae are developed.
6. Water Required to Compensate Losses in Thefts and Wastes: Some allowance has to be made for the water loss due to leakage and stolen water.

Water Demand:

1	Domestic Water Demand	200 lpcd (135 minimum)
2	Industrial Water Demand	50 lpcd (rise up to 450 lpcd)
3	Institutional and Commercial Water Demand	45-450 lpcd
4	Water Demand for Public or Civic Uses	5 lpcd
5	Fire Demand of Water
6	Water Required to Compensate Losses in Thefts and Wastes	15-50 %